{"id":875,"date":"2026-03-14T00:43:39","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T20:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/?p=875"},"modified":"2026-03-14T21:51:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T17:51:50","slug":"%e1%83%93%e1%83%98%e1%83%90%e1%83%91%e1%83%94%e1%83%a2%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98-%e1%83%99%e1%83%94%e1%83%a2%e1%83%9d%e1%83%90%e1%83%aa%e1%83%98%e1%83%93%e1%83%9d%e1%83%96%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/?p=875","title":{"rendered":"\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/icu.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-876\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.8019163442049013;width:211px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icu.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/image-2.png 764w, https:\/\/icu.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/image-2-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4: <a href=\"https:\/\/icu.ge\/?page_id=888\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"888\">\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2-\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 <strong><em>\u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8<\/em><\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 <strong><em>\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 <\/strong>&gt;200 mg\/dL (&gt;11 mmol\/L)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 pH<\/strong> &lt;7.3 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 &lt;18 mmol\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8<strong> \u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0-\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> &gt;3 mmol\/L \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\/\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 DKA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH 7.2 &#8211; &lt;7.3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 10 &#8211; &lt;18 mmol\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 DKA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH 7.1 &#8211; &lt;7.2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 5 &#8211; 9 mmol\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 DKA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH &lt;7.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 &lt;5 mmol\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 HHS-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da DKA-HHS-\u10d6\u10d4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 &gt;600 mg\/dL (&gt;33.3 mmol\/L), \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 &gt;320 mOsm\/kg, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d0, \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da DKA-HHS-\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 PICU \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 DKA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 &lt;5 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 pCO2, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u226420 mmHg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 BUN<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HHS \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 DKA-HHS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 DKA \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8, \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 10 &#8211; 15 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 ABCDE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, SpO2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10db\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, SpO2, \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 GCS-\u10d8\u10d7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, BUN, \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0-\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d7 ECG.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AG = \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na &#8211; (Cl + HCO3)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea DKA \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 mmol\/L-\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na = \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na + 0.3 x (\u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 &#8211; 5.5)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 mg\/dL-\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na = \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na + 1.6 x ((\u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 &#8211; 100)\/100)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da Na-\u10e1. \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3. \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 mg\/dL-\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 = 2 x \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na + \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0\/18<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 mmol\/L-\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 = 2 x \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Na + \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.1. \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10dd \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 <strong>Sol. NaCl 0.9%<\/strong>. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 0.45% NaCl \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 PECARN FLUID \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 0.9%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ringer<\/strong> \u10d0\u10dc <strong>Ringer Lactate<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3 0.9% NaCl \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea 0.9% NaCl-\u10e1 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; NaCl 0.9% 20 mL\/kg \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db DKA \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d0 &#8211; NaCl 0.9% 10 &#8211; 20 mL\/kg 20 &#8211; 30 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 10 &#8211; 20 mL\/kg \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.3. \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 &#8211; \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 36 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 &#8211; &lt;10 \u10d9\u10d2: 6.5 mL\/kg\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10 &#8211; &lt;20 \u10d9\u10d2: 6 mL\/kg\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 &#8211; &lt;40 \u10d9\u10d2: 5 mL\/kg\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u226540 \u10d9\u10d2: 4 mL\/kg\/\u10e1\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db 250 mL\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.4. \u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, pH &lt;7.1 \u10d0\u10dc BUN &gt;20 mg\/dL &#8211; \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 8%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 6%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 (mL) = \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 (\u10d9\u10d2) x 60 \u10d0\u10dc 80 mL\/kg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 = \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 = \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 + \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\/36<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 36-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.5. \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 5 mmol\/L\/\u10e1\u10d7, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 90 mg\/dL\/\u10e1\u10d7-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; Actrapid<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db 1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0. \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>0.05 &#8211; 0.1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>0.1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 0.05 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3\u10e5 DKA-\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Actrapid-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>50 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Actrapid + 50 mL NaCl 0.9%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0: 1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/mL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>12 \u10d9\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8, 0.1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7 = 1.2 mL\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 \u10d9\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8, 0.1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7 = 2 mL\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 \u10d9\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8, 0.05 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7 = 1 mL\/\u10e1\u10d7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 0.05 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 0.025 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>K \u22643.0 mmol\/L<\/strong> &#8211; \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K 3.1 &#8211; 5.0 mmol\/L<\/strong> &#8211; \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K &gt;5.0 &#8211; 5.5 mmol\/L<\/strong> &#8211; \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7; \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\/\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> &#8211; \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.2. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>KCl 4% &#8211; 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 15% &#8211; 10 \u10db\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>KCl 4%<\/strong> &#8211; 1 \u10db\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>0.54 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 15%<\/strong> &#8211; 1 \u10db\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>2 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 15% 10 \u10db\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 <strong>20 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>108 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, <strong>KCl 15% 10 \u10db\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 = 20 mmol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.3. \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 <strong>40 mmol\/L<\/strong>, \u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.4. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 KCl 15% 10 \u10db\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 250 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>10 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10db\u10da-\u10e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 500 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>20 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong>, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 <strong>10 \u10db\u10da-\u10e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1000 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>40 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 2 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong>, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 <strong>20 \u10db\u10da-\u10e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 20 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>10 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10db\u10da-\u10e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 30 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>15 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 7.5 \u10db\u10da-\u10e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 250 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>10 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4%-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>18.5 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 500 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>20 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4%-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>37 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1000 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 40 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>40 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4%-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>74 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 20 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>10 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4%-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>18.5 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 30 mmol\/L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 <strong>15 mmol K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4%-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>28 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.5. \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 <strong>KCl 15% 10 \u10db\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>250 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 + 40 mmol\/L<\/strong> = 5 \u10db\u10da KCl 15%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 + 40 mmol\/L<\/strong> = 10 \u10db\u10da KCl 15% = 1 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1000 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 + 40 mmol\/L<\/strong> = 20 \u10db\u10da KCl 15% = 2 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 15%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.6. \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea KCl \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 15%<\/strong> \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KCl \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 IV \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl 4% 200 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 250 &#8211; 300 mg\/dL-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 7 &#8211; 11 mmol\/L \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.1. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 &#8211; \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 A<\/strong> &#8211; NaCl 0.9% + KCl<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 B<\/strong> &#8211; D10W + KCl \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 <strong>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 <strong>40 mmol\/L \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 (10 \u10db\u10da = 20 mmol)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 <strong>250 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 <strong>40 mmol\/L \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7 <strong>KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10db\u10da<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D5 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 A &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 50%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 B &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 50%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D7.5 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 A &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 25%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 B &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 75%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D10 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 A &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 0%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 B &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 100%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 D10W-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 D10W \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.2. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 D40-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D5-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>100 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1: 87.5 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% + 12.5 \u10db\u10da D40<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1: 437.5 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% + 62.5 \u10db\u10da D40<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D10-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>100 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1: 75 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% + 25 \u10db\u10da D40<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1: 375 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% + 125 \u10db\u10da D40<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 0.9%-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Na \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NaHCO3 8.4%<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 <strong>NaHCO3 4.2%<\/strong> \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\/\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 DKA-\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1. \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 BUN, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da 12 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e3\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GCS-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10e9\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.2. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7 30\u00b0-\u10d8\u10d7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d6\u10d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 75%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.3. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 0.5 &#8211; 1 \u10d2\/\u10d9\u10d2 IV 15 &#8211; 20 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 20%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>0.5 \u10d2\/\u10d9\u10d2 = 2.5 \u10db\u10da\/\u10d9\u10d2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 \u10d2\/\u10d9\u10d2 = 5 \u10db\u10da\/\u10d9\u10d2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 30 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.4. \u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0 &#8211; NaCl 3%<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3% NaCl 5 \u10db\u10da\/\u10d9\u10d2 10 &#8211; 15 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db 250 \u10db\u10da<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, 3%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 NaCl \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.5. 3% NaCl-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 10%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 NaCl-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>30 \u10db\u10da 10% NaCl + 70 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 = 100 \u10db\u10da 3% NaCl<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 NaCl 0.9%-\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>11.5 \u10db\u10da 10% NaCl + 38.5 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% = 50 \u10db\u10da 3% NaCl<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>23 \u10db\u10da 10% NaCl + 77 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% = 100 \u10db\u10da 3% NaCl<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>46 \u10db\u10da 10% NaCl + 154 \u10db\u10da NaCl 0.9% = 200 \u10db\u10da 3% NaCl<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea, \u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. D5W 3%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 NaCl-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.6. \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc pCO2-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dd \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 &lt;0.5 mmol\/L-\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d7. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d8 \u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db BUN, \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 pH \u10d3\u10d0 pCO2 &#8211; \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da 2 &#8211; 4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da 4 &#8211; 6 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1, QTc-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\/\u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0-\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>IV \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0-\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pH &gt;7.3 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 &gt;15 &#8211; 18 mmol\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10db\u10e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 IV \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 IV \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 15 &#8211; 30 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 IV \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4, \u10d7\u10e3 K \u22643.0 mmol\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CT-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc MRI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 DKA-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KCl-\u10d8\u10e1 IV \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">18. \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 DKA &#8211; \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 &gt;200 mg\/dL, \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 &#8211; pH \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 NaCl 0.9% 10 &#8211; 20 \u10db\u10da\/\u10d9\u10d2 20 &#8211; 30 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 20 \u10db\u10da\/\u10d9\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d7 \u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 GCS, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 36-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 K &gt;3.0 mmol\/L.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Actrapid \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; 0.05 &#8211; 0.1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\/\u10d9\u10d2\/\u10e1\u10d7, \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 40 mmol\/L, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 K &lt;5 mmol\/L. \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>250 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10db\u10da<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>500 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 10 \u10db\u10da<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1000 \u10db\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; KCl 15%-\u10d8\u10e1 2 \u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 20 \u10db\u10da<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 250 &#8211; 300 mg\/dL-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc 3% NaCl \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/icu.ge\/?page_id=888\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"888\">\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Glaser N. Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: Clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate. Literature review current through Feb 2026. Topic last updated 2025 Oct 20. Accessed 2026 Mar 11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glaser N. Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: Treatment and complications. UpToDate. Literature review current through Feb 2026. Topic last updated 2025 Jul 9. Accessed 2026 Mar 11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glaser N. Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: Cerebral injury (cerebral edema). UpToDate. Literature review current through Feb 2026. Topic last updated 2025 May 22. Accessed 2026 Mar 11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, Rewers A, Cherubini V, Estrada S, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(7):835-856. doi:10.1111\/pedi.13406.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kuppermann N, Ghetti S, Schunk JE, Stoner MJ, Rewers A, McManemy JK, et al. Clinical trial of fluid infusion rates for pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2275-2287. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1716816.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gripp KE, Trottier ED, Thakore S, Sniderman J, Lawrence S. Current recommendations for management of paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. Paediatr Child Health. 2023;28(2):128-138. doi:10.1093\/pch\/pxac119.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>von Oettingen J, Wolfsdorf J, Feldman HA, Rhodes ET. Use of serum bicarbonate to substitute for venous pH in new-onset diabetes. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):e371-e377. doi:10.1542\/peds.2015-0156.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4: \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 1. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,25,100],"tags":[13,104,106,102,101,8,103,9,105],"class_list":["post-875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klinikuri-rchevebi","category-lab","category-100","tag-er","tag-104","tag-106","tag-102","tag-101","tag-8","tag-103","tag-9","tag-105"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=875"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":893,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875\/revisions\/893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icu.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}